Ping is a basic program that verifies a particular IP address exists and accept requests. The computer acronym ping stands for packet internet or inter-Network Groper. The name was contrived to match the submariners’ term for the sound of a returned sonar pulse from an underwater object.
The ping command works by sending special Internet protocol ( IP ) packets, called internet control massage protocol ( ICMP ) Echo Request datagrams, to a specified destination. Each packet sent is a request for a reply. The output response for a ping contains the success ratio and round-trip time to the destination.
The ping command is used to test the NIC transmit and receive function, The TCP/IP configuration, and network connectivity. The following types of ping commands can be issued :
Ping 127.0.0.1 – This is a unique ping and is called an internal loopback test. It is used to verify the TCP/IP network configuration.
Ping IP address of host computer – A ping to a host PC verifies the TCP/IP address configuration for the local host and connectivityto the host.
Ping default-gateway IP address- A ping to the default gateway indicates if the router that connects local network to other networks can be reched.
Ping remote destination IP address- A ping to remote destination verifies connectivity to a remote host.
To anderstand the role that computers play in a networking system, consider the internet. Internet connections are essential for businesses and education. Careful planning is required to build a network that will connect tothe internet. Even for an individual personal computer (PC ) to connect to the internet, some planning and decisions are required. Computer resources must be considered foe internet conection. This includes the type of device that connects the PC to the internet, such as a network interface card ( NIC ) or modem. Protocols, or rules, must be configured before a computer can connect to the internet. Proper selection of a web browser is also imortant.
Requirements for internet connection.
The internet is the largest data network on eart. The internet consists of many large and small networks that are interconnected. Individual computers are the sources and destinations of information through the internet. Connection to the internet can be broken down into the physical connection, the logical connection, and applications.
A physical connection is made by conneting an adapter card, sach as a modem or a
NIC, from a
PC to a network. The physical connection is used to transfer signals between
PCs wihin the local area network
( LAN ) and to remote devices on the internet.
Many networking divices are spescal purpose computers, with many of the same components as general purpose
PCs.
A computer must work properly before it can be used to access information such as Web-based content. This will require you to troubleshoot basic hardware and software problems. Therfore, you must be familiar with the follow small, discreet PC component. You sould also be pamiliar with the following
PC subsystems :
1. Translator
2. Integrated circuit
3. Resistor
4. Capacitor
5. Connector
6. Light emitting diode ( LED )
7. Printed circuit board ( PCB )
8. CD-ROM drive
9. Central processing unit ( CPU )
10. Hard disk drive
11. Microprocessor
12. Motherboard
13. Bus
14. Random-access memory ( RAM )
15. Read-only Memory ( ROM )
16. Expansion slot
17. Power supply
18. Backplane
19. Network interface card ( NIC )
20. Video card
21. Audio Card
22. Parallel port
23. Serial port
24. Mouse port
25. USB port
26. Firewire
27. Power card
Think of the internal components of a PC as a network of devices that are all attached to the system bus.
Network
,
